This research explores the extent to which HWBs have, or have not, enhanced democratic accountability through the use of strategic planning and performance information. The study is informed by a total of 39 interviews with experts and members of two HWBs. The findings provide deeper insights into how these new accountability and partnership working arrangements have been enacted in practice and increase awareness of the challenges faced in determining a joint health and wellbeing strategy and measuring progress towards improved health outcomes and reduced health inequalities.